As temperatures drop, our smallest pets depend on us more than ever. Rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters and gerbils may have thick fur, but they’re still highly sensitive to cold and damp. Whether they live indoors or outdoors, a few simple changes can make all the difference to their comfort and health during the colder months.
How Cold Weather Affects Small Animals
Small animals have fast metabolisms and small bodies, which means they lose heat quickly. Cold air, damp conditions and draughts can all lead to illness — particularly respiratory infections and lethargy. Guinea pigs and rabbits are especially vulnerable if their bedding gets wet or the temperature fluctuates overnight. If you’re cold enough to reach for a jumper, your pets probably need extra insulation too.
Preparing Outdoor Hutches and Runs
Outdoor living can be safe year-round, provided your pets’ housing is properly insulated and dry. Start by checking that the hutch is raised off the ground and sheltered from the wind. Position it against a wall or fence, ideally facing away from the prevailing wind. A waterproof cover or tarpaulin will help block out rain and frost while keeping warmth inside.
Add Extra Bedding for Warmth
Layer the sleeping area generously with hay or straw and replace it regularly to keep it clean and dry. Paper-based bedding and wood shavings can be added underneath for extra insulation. Avoid using newspaper alone, as it can become damp and cold. Zoar’s range of small animal bedding and hay includes natural options that retain heat and encourage burrowing — ideal for chilly nights.
Check for Draughts and Damp
Run your hand around the hutch interior on a cold day. Any noticeable draughts should be sealed using safe materials such as pet-safe sealant or a layer of cardboard on the outside. Keep the floor dry by ensuring water bottles don’t leak and by raising food bowls slightly off the bedding.
Sheltered Exercise Spaces
Outdoor pets still need daily exercise, even in winter. Consider adding a sheltered or partially covered area to the run using clear plastic panels or waterproof covers that let in light. Adding a tunnel or wooden hideaway will give them a cosy retreat when the weather turns harsh.
Bringing Small Animals Indoors
When temperatures drop below freezing or snow is forecast, it’s safest to bring outdoor pets inside or into a shed or garage. Avoid placing cages near radiators, fires or direct heat sources — small animals overheat quickly. Instead, choose a quiet spot away from draughts, with consistent light and warmth. If they’re not used to indoor living, let them adjust gradually, as sudden temperature changes can be stressful.
Keep Their Routine Familiar
Try to maintain the same feeding times and bedding materials so your pets feel secure. Continue providing access to hay and gnawing toys to keep their teeth healthy. Zoar’s small animal food and treats range includes balanced options rich in fibre and vitamins, perfect for maintaining health through the colder months.
Hydration and Nutrition in Winter
Even in cold weather, hydration is crucial. Water bottles can freeze overnight if left outside, so wrap them in thermal covers or check them regularly. Encourage hydration through fresh vegetables such as cucumber, kale and peppers.
For nutrition, ensure your pets have constant access to good-quality hay, which supports digestion and helps maintain body temperature through natural foraging activity. Supplement with small portions of dry food and fresh greens. Avoid sudden changes to their diet, as this can cause stomach upsets during the colder months.
Cleaning and Hygiene
Winter means less evaporation, so cages and hutches can get damp faster. Clean the enclosure frequently, removing soiled bedding before it becomes wet or mouldy. Disinfect using small-animal-safe products and ensure everything is dry before refilling. Clean food bowls and water bottles daily to prevent bacterial growth.
Keeping Indoor Pets Stimulated
Shorter daylight hours can make small animals less active. Enrichment toys such as tunnels, chew toys and hideouts help prevent boredom. For hamsters and gerbils, add climbing tubes and wheels for exercise. For guinea pigs and rabbits, cardboard boxes, foraging mats and wooden chews keep them entertained indoors when outdoor time is limited.
Health Checks During Winter
Keep a close eye on your pets for signs of illness such as sneezing, runny eyes, or loss of appetite. Check their weight weekly and look for changes in their coat condition. Cold weather can weaken their immune systems, so early detection is key. If in doubt, contact your vet promptly.
Best Products to Help This Winter
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Small Animal Bedding and Hay – for insulation and comfort
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Small Animal Food and Treats – nutritious options for warmth and health
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Hideaways and Toys – enrichment and security indoors or out
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Thermal Water Bottle Covers – prevent freezing during cold snaps
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Cleaning and Disinfectant Sprays – safe hygiene for healthy habitats
Final Thoughts
Caring for small animals through winter doesn’t need to be complicated — it’s about keeping them warm, dry and well-fed. With the right bedding, nutrition and shelter, your furry friends will stay happy and healthy until spring returns.
